Dcea Bogados Main Future Energy Concepts– The Fuel Cell

Future Energy Concepts– The Fuel Cell

With global warming,basic pollution and rising fuel prices,our future energy requirements are a hot subject. Fuel cells may represent a solution,and is coming faster than later.

Future Energy Concepts– The Fuel Cell

A fuel cell is a relatively vague phrase thrown around by those with knowledge and those that know relatively little. Regardless of the particular design,a fuel cell is essentially a cell similar to a battery in which a chemical reaction happens to produce electrical energy.

If you check out the paper or view the news,one would believe the concept of hydrogen fuels is a new one. The problem,of course,was it was not practical and there wasn’t much interest since fossil fuels were numerous and our energy requirements were small compared to today. As with lots of advances,NASA chose to use fuel cells to power the Gemini and Apollo spacecrafts. This company has a working hydrogen compressor and fueling station product ready right now along with other kinds of industrial compressors:** https://pdcmachines.com/simplefuel/ *** https://pdcmachines.com/diaphragm-compressors/applications/ **

A common mistaken belief is a fuel cell represents renewable energy. The dam is an instrument to harness a sustainable energy resource,but not an energy source in and of itself. The fuel cell works much the same way.

Fuel cells can be run,in theory,on any product including hydrogen. This suggests renewable energy sources such as hydrogen,biogas,and so on.

There are a few obstacles that must be overcome before hydrogen fuel cells truly becoming a viable energy platform. The technology is such that the fuel cells are far too big and heavy to be used for practical purposes. The infamous hydrogen cars and truck is not presently viable,although test cars from mainly German makers are being examined. The 2nd problem is effectiveness,which is to say fuel cells are not. Currently,fuel cells produce energy at a cost of about 10 times that of fossil fuels,and that is a positive quote. Again,not a viable alternative.

While these may seem like substantial obstacles,they actually point to the practicality of hydrogen fuel cells as a power source. If we can develop a hydrogen nuclear weapon,definitely we can develop a hydrogen fuel cell.

Regardless of the particular design,a fuel cell is essentially a cell similar to a battery in which a chemical reaction takes place to produce electrical energy. A common mistaken belief is a fuel cell represents renewable energy. There are a few obstacles that should be overcome before hydrogen fuel cells truly becoming a viable energy platform. Currently,fuel cells produce energy at a cost of about 10 times that of fossil fuels,and that is a positive quote. If we can develop a hydrogen nuclear weapon,definitely we can develop a hydrogen fuel cell.

Related Post

Steel Roof Stone CoatedSteel Roof Stone Coated

Stone Coated Steel Roof  

Mighty Dog Roofing provides the the best choice for roofer stone coated steel roofing  located at Plano Texas. They are excellent at installing stone-coated steel roofs in Plano Texas. We’ve built hundreds of these roofs across the Plano as the top roofing contractor in Plano and are able to make them last a lifetime. If you opt for this kind of roof, we’ll install it using only the finest quality materials and the finest workmanship that any other contractor can offer that’s in the area.

Plano, TX Stone Coated Steel Roof

Stone Coated Steel Roofing 

Stone coated steel roofing presents a certain upscale style that cannot be mimicked by any other type of shingle. They are made to match any style of home, and can match the look of more expensive and less durable shingles such as wooden shake shingles. The key selling point to this type of roof is that they can be painted in many different schemes so you can match the area you live in. Most Mediterranean style homes use this type of shingle and have them painted the color orange to really match this exotic home style that you do not see very often in the US.
The idea behind this type of special shingle is to have a roof that will last you a very long time. Because these shingles are stone coated and made of steel, they are very resistant to bad weather, heavy rains, wind damage, and any other type of damage that traditional shingles are vulnerable to. Another reason why these steel shingles are coated with stone is so that they are not loud during rain storms. This coating also directly protects the steels from suffering from wear and tear. If you live in an area that is no stranger to heavy thunderstorms, you should definitely look into replacing your existing roof with this special kind of shingle.
Most types of shingles are unable to replicate the look of an old-style cedar shake roof. This type of roof is made completely of cedar plank, and has a very distinct characteristic of looking very high end. Stone coated shingles can be installed to mimic this type of roof right down to color matching. The reason people would rather have stone coated steel shingles is because they last longer than cedar shingles, and they cost much less. Why spend more on a product that will not last as long when you have this product as an alternative.

Why is a Stone Coated Steel Tile Roof the Best Roofing Choice For Your Home? 

There are many roofing options, so why do homeowners invest between $20,000 and $60,000 in roofs? When your most common type of roofing material is a asphalt shingle roof. It’s because many people believe that it’s the cheapest roof, well it’s because it’s cheapest! With costs anywhere between $5000-$15,000 many homeowners aren’t aware that they are literally throwing money in the trash! This type of roof claims to be a 30yr shingle however it’s usually 10- 15yrs. In reality, if you intend to live in your home that long then you might have to repair your roof again. This means you’ll have to double the cost of your roof, as well as adding inflation costs. Now , you’re looking at paying $15,000-$20,000 for your roof a second time!

Why?

Have you ever thought about the warranty of an asphalt shingle! The warranty usually covers only the first year of replacement and that’s just for the shingle. It is not transferable. Therefore, you cannot transfer your roof investment to a homeowner who will purchase it in the near future. It’s a pain! It is absurd to spend anywhere between $10,000 and $15,000 on roofing, and not receive any protection. This is mainly due to the fact homeowners can buy shingles at Home Depot and then put them on their roofs on their ownHe can even be a weekend warrior and win the battle. His job title is computer engineer. He must also be able install his own roof.

Wrong!

Your roof will protect your investment below, your house!

Stone Coated Steel Tile Roofing is the best choice. This roofing material is permanent and is not required to be replaced. This type of roof comes with an entire lifetime transferable warranty. You can select from a variety of colors or even customize your own colors. This is for homeowners who are looking to make an investment in their home and want a beautiful looking home. This roof is ideal for re-roofing due to its light weight. Most of the time, you will have say, a wooden shake roof and you’re planning to put on a tile. There are two choices. There are two options available: concrete, heavy tiles or light-weight roofing made of steel tiles. Which do you think your house can support? It’s not difficult to decide, is it? Even though it’s a pricey roof, you can choose. If you were me, I would seek out a professional in steel tiles about the roofing options. They are the type of roofing contractors that can install any type of roof you want. Therefore, call them first. Call me, I’ve helped people with their roofing for a decade today. The most important thing I would never like to do is sell you a crappy roofing.

A Brief About Steel Roofing 

Steel roofing is a type of metal roofing similar to roofs made of aluminum, zinc and more. They are less heavy and more easy to install than traditional roofing systems like slate or terna. This kind of roofing material can be made of galvalumine or stainless steel. The roofing sheets are available in various forms, such as box profile, cladding sheet as well as alloy sheets and stainless sheets. They also come in corrugated, single or double-skin steel cladding , and sheets coated with other materials such as polyester. Certain roofing materials can be useful to cover walls of buildings such as warehouses, factories or any other commercial structures.

Stainless steel roofing is employed extensively in commercial structures, as well as domestic buildingsThey can achieve the modern shapes required by design, which require more glass than conventional roofing. Stainless steel is more resistant to corrosion properties. However, they are more expensive than other roofing systems. The stainless steel alloy roofs are more durable, corrosion resistant and thermally efficient.


Steel Roofing Benefits 

Steel roofing is a beautiful way to keep your home safe. It is a low maintenance material that lasts many years and is ideal for harsh weather without cracking, breaking the roof, burning, curving and splitting, or rotting. There are many additional advantages to steel roofing. A few of them are very surprising to the majority of people who hear about this at first.

Steel roofing has interlocking panels that will create a weather tight barrier for keeping heat and cold from entering and exiting.

A majority of companies offer an transferable warranty of 50 years which will include wind and hail. It’s impact-resistant and is able to be walked on. They are lightweight. It is usually between 125 and 160 pounds per 100 square feet.

Steel roofing is durable and lasts for a long duration. Steel roofing is indestructible to water and is also resistant to freezing or melting. You can get it in the form of shingle profile, shake profile or tile profile and it is coated with a light aluminum zinc alloy, so it will not be rusty. It can also be purchased with three-millimeter ceramic stone granules then sealed with polymer coating. This, and the fact that it’s made of steel will help keep your home to avoid burning. Steel protects the roof from the ability to burn and prevent lightning from catching the house on fire as well. Steel is extremely durable and it is possible to walk or even leap on it. It is able to withstand harsh conditions of weather and is extremely robust.

Your home will be secured from weather and fire. The insulation value and resale value are both higher. A dual pane window will be installed over the entire roof to provide better insulation in your home. It is environmentally friendly and comes from other recyclables.

They are available in various designs and colors to make sure that it’s possible for you to get the look and feel you want. The companies understand how crucial it is to have every aspect of your home designed and coordinated correctly. You can achieve a sophisticated look for a not very upscale price at all. This kind of roof is three times as long as any other type of roof. This is something to take into consideration when evaluating the amount of time and effort needed to keep your home in good condition.


Stone Coated Steel Roofing – Did You Know it Has Been Around For Over 50 Years? 

Let’s talk about Stone Coated Steel Roofing Systems from DECRA(r) Imagine the beauty of an architectural shake or tiled appearance to your home, but with the durability to have the Class A fire rating, and a Class 4 resistance to Hail, to be warranted against wind speeds up to 120 mph and to be protected with a transferable, 50-year limited warranty.

Contact me if you are interested. Stone Coated Steel Roofing is a concept that has existed for decades. The original creator of the Decra system first saw the concept during a trip around Europe following World War II. The system has developed over the years into an extremely durable and stunning product.

Today DECRA(r) products are manufactured with a solid but lightweight aluminum-zinc alloy coated steel which is then coated by 3M ceramic coated stone granules. They are then sealed with a special polymer coating.

There are a variety of designs and colors that are available to choose from for the DECRA(r), roofing system. Let’s begin with the Italian classical elegance of DECRA(r), VILLA TILE. Villa Tile offers the architectural details of an Italian tile roof but with the superior quality and durability of steel. In close proximity, you may find the DECRA(r) TILE more appealing to you. This is a more Mediterranean-inspired panel and comes with all the amazing features.

You can select DECRA (r) SHINGLE or DECRA (r)SHINGLE PLUS if you like an architectural appearance. Shake gives you the look of a cedar roof with an incredibly deep profile that doesn’t fade. Decra Shingle offers an architectural look for a fraction of the price of asphalt shingles. Shingle Plus provides a more textured, richer shingle with a fraction of the weight.

Stone Coated Steel Roof FAQs

What is the stone coated steel roofing product made of?

  • 26 gauge, pre-primed, galvanized steel
  • Coated by poured on acrylic basecoat
  • Embedded with ceramic earth-stone granules
  • Over-coated with a clear acrylic glaze and baked on


How heavy is stone coated steel roof?

Stone coated steel roofs weigh only about 1.5 lbs per square foot, which is seven times lighter than most clay or concrete tiles which weigh 6 to15 lbs per square foot. Stone coated metal roofs are even lighter than inexpensive asphalt composition shingles, and they are far more durable than any asphalt shingles.


How noisy is a stone coated steel roof?

Due to the interlocking design, insulated dead-air space between the roofing layers, and the earth-stone granule finish, these roofs are very quiet. A stone coated metal roof is often much quieter than an asphalt shingle roof.


What is the lifespan of stone coated steel?

The lifespan is 50+ years which is 2-3 times longer than most traditional asphalt shingles.

 

Will heat and cold make a stone coated steel roof contract and expand?

There is minimal movement with steel roofs due to the fully interlocking profile when affixed to the batten. Also, the rough granule finish and angular design add to restricting movement.

 

Slate Roof Installation 

Mighty Dog Roofing provides the the best choice for roofer slate roof installers located at Plano Texas. Our Plano slate roofers are among the top across the region. This makes them among the best roof builders in Plano. We’ve done slate roof installations for nearly sixty years. We don’t want to take shortcuts or make a mistake because we know how important these aspects are. We are able to deliver a high-quality product and top-quality service.

Plano, TX Slate Roof Installation

Slate Roof Installation With Hip and Ridge Joints

Slate roofs are preferred by many as they are among the best types of roofs. Though the installation cost quite a bit of money, slate roofs are great in improving the general appeal of the housing. Usually, homes with this type of roof installation have higher values.

Slate roof installation involves setting the hip and ridge joints. Before slating the roof, furring strips along the hip need to be installed. The standard thickness of slates is 3/16″ to 1/4 “. For slates with this thickness, 3/4″ furring strips are recommended. Nail these furring strips to the roof using 2.5″ hot dipped galvanized common nails.

On the bottom of the furring strips, install the first piece of the copper flashing using 1.5 copper roofing nail. To hide the furring strips, fold the bottom of the flashing.

Slate roof installation follows after the copper flashing has been nailed and folded. Install the slates over the flashing by nailing them into the furring strips. 1.5 copper roofing nails can be used but certain areas need to be attached with 2.5 copper roofing nails.

Install the next piece of step flashing over the hip slates. For this, a single nail will do. After this, nail the next pair of hip slates over it with at least two nails per slate. Fold the flashing lengthwise in half with 4″ in each side. With this, the overlying slates and flashings, the 16″ hip slates are to be overlapped halfway. Meanwhile, the step flashings would be overlapping each other by 2″.

Continue the setting up in this manner, flashing over the top of each pair of hip slates. The hip slates can be installed even without cutting and they do not to be tapered as well. To finish quickly, install the slates in pairs, not one side at a time.

Slate Roofing Made Easy – Choosing The Right Tools And Materials 

If you are planning to put up your own slate roof, it is recommended to do your research ahead of time. You must be prepared to be successfulBe sure to know about the different types of slate, manufacturing methods including flashing, sheathing, nailing, and other roofing materials prior to you start.

First of all, check whether your roof is suitable for the installation of slate roofing. Slate roofs shouldn’t be installed with a slope less than 4:12. This is at a minimum of 12 feet elevation on 12 feet of running. If your roof meets this standard, you should give thought to buying the right slating tools and to buying the slates and other materials you will need to complete the task.

Tools

You must ensure that you have the appropriate tools for slating, and that they are being used. A slate hammer, a slate cutter, and a slate-ripper should be in your toolkit. Choose a slate cutter and not a diamond saw when cutting slates. The former creates an edge that is bevelled of the slate, which is in line with the appearance of other slates, whereas a diamond blade creates a square edge which looks out of place.

Slates

All slates are not created equal and you want the best slates for your roof. When choosing slates consider the quality, type size, thickness and the impact on your work. For instance, large slates are harder to cut while small slates take longer to put in place because there will be more of them.

Verify whether the nails are placed at the right place on the slates. The holes should be positioned so that you can put the nails to be just above the top of the slate underneath. If the nail holes are too shallow they will be able to nail right into the head of the slate beneath it, and you shouldn’t do that as it can create leaks.

Make sure that you purchase the right amount of slates. You should work out your head lap ahead of time and order enough slates to allow for this. It is recommended to purchase slates for your starter course separately. The slates used for starter courses should have the nail holes only on the front and top.

Materials

Slate Nails

Use high-quality nails. Slate nails must be stainless steel or aluminum. The most popular type of nail is copper. areas with a lot of coastline as are silicon-bronze nails best in extreme conditions.

The proper length of nails is crucial. The nails should only penetrate the roof deck boards when installing them. This is important because too long nails could damage the wood and lead to them to break or split the wood behind. This reduces the thickness of the boards and increase the strength of the nails.

Decking materials

The decking materials that are under the slate have to last at least as long as the slates themselves, so you must select materials that are strong enough to last. This requirement is met by battens and wood boards that have an average thickness of 20-40mm. They can be rough-sawn, planned or of tongue-in-groove type. Other decking materials that are durable include concrete that can be nailed and Gypsum. Avoid laminated and plywood.

Underlay

Underlay isn’t necessary for slate roofing. The underlay is essentially a barrier to water from the moment the slate tiles are laid before the flashings are sprayed. It can also be used to draw chalk lines. In most cases one layer of 30lb felt is enough.

Material for flashing

Use good flashing material. You can choose stainless steel, copper, or sheet lead. You should use a heavier material for valleys and gutters as opposed to ridges and chimney flashings.


Slate Roofing For Your House 

If you’ve decided to install a slate roof on your own, then there are a few things you will be required to prepare before you jump in. Let’s now look at the numerous issues associated with slate roofing. The very first thing to check is whether your roof has a slope ratio greater than 4:12. That is the slope must have a rise of 4 feet over a distance of 12 feet.

Roof Materials

The standard tools for roofing slates include the slate ripper, cutter and a slate hammer. If you don’t want end up with slates that have a square edge, then avoid using diamond saws and stick to the slate cutter that gives you a nice finish.

Slate Variety

Slates come in a variety of forms as with any other construction material. Slates are available in a variety of material and quality and are also available in various dimensions and thickness. The slate you pick will affect how you get your roof built. The slates have nail holes and you need to ensure that the slates placed in a way they allow for the nail to be inserted onto the slate’s head. This will stop any leakage.

Once you’ve selected the kind of slate you’ll need be used to build your roof, you must purchase the correct quantity of slates. You might find that the slates you purchased are not available anymore and you must be returned to the retailer. Get additional slates in case some plates could get damaged as the roof is constructed. It’s not a bad idea to buy the initial slates separately.

Other Materials

Slate roofing will use many nails. Therefore, choose nails that are made from aluminium or stainless steel since they are not susceptible to rust opposed to iron nails. If you reside in an area where there are extreme weather conditions, then copper nails are the one to go with. In slate roofing the length of nails is vital. The nails should not go beyond the roof deck. Anything more will cause damage to the wooden boards.

Along with nails, you will use decking materials too. They should be of the same length like the slates below. Avoid laminated wood and plywood decks. If you wish to, you can put in an underlay that will hold in water until the slates are installed.

Slate Roof Repairs – The 100 Year Roof!

What are generally the most typical pests in the UK?What are generally the most typical pests in the UK?

Are you wondering “What are the most usual pests in the UK?” If so, this short article is for you. As one of the major pest control service Providers in Doncaster, we have dealt with many different pests over the years, ranging from rats and cockroaches to bed bugs and birds. A number of pests can cause more harm and nuisance than others, but it’s always best to act as rapidly as you can if you do encounter a problem with a pest that could worsen. Keep reading to find out which are the most widespread pests in residential properties across the UK. For help get in touch with pest control

Wasp Control

Wasps tend to show up during the late summer and early autumn months. They can create a problem due to the way they can get so close to us and often target our food and drink, especially if it is sweet. They can also sting us if they feel they are under threat. Places where wasps build their nests include trees, lofts, the edges of roofs, sheds and garages. Call us pest control doncaster

Ants

Many people have had issues with ant infestations in the UK. Ants often invade homes and kitchens in search of food and can be very tricky to get rid of without outside support.

Mice and rats

Mice and rats can cause problems throughout the year, unlike some other pests. They tend to frequent both urban and rural areas and look for shelter and food in and around buildings. Not only can they create damage to properties but they can also present a danger to human health.

Flies

Flies can be very serious, especially during the hotter times of the year. Good examples of flies that often cause issues in UK homes include house flies, cluster flies and house flies. Several flies can spread illness as well as being an aggravation.

Moths

Moths can cause considerable damage to stored food, fabrics and clothing. You may be particularly eager to overcome a difficulty with moths if you have precious textiles or well-stocked cupboards.

Cockroaches

Roaches may not be as usual as some of the other pests on this checklist, but they can carry diseases and be very tough to eliminate from residential properties without external support.

Bedbugs

Bedbugs can cause problems in both residential and Commercial environments like hotels and resorts. They are tiny insects which feed on the blood of human beings and can create itchy red welts all over the body. Female bedbugs can lay five hundred eggs in their life times.

For any help on annoying pests call Pest Control Doncaster

Silver is Very Important, but Should You Always Invest In It?Silver is Very Important, but Should You Always Invest In It?

Silver is an extremely rare metal that is valuable for making ornaments, silverware, and other fine art objects. Silver is very useful in combating certain diseases, and is resistant to other chemicals and oxidizing agents. Silver is highly conductive, and also affordable to buy. Many industries use silver in the manufacture of parts for technology and medical equipment.

Silver is very popular these days; many companies sell silver as a “safe investment” to help people retire comfortably. 

More realistically, you can compare purchase silver bars US Mint to an insurance policy. Investments in silver and other precious metals are assumed to generate income; they are considered to expire. In our view, precious metals are like a “dead” asset that stores up wealth but does not produce it. If you own silver, gold, platinum, or any other precious metal, you are not really creating wealth; you are simply storing it as a currency hedge. If the price of silver goes up from $18 to $80 an ounce, the owner will not become richer because of the increased value of silver; it is simply an investment policy. Silver is very valuable, but its true worth is based on the value of other assets. For example, consider if the dollar value of silver were to 5X, while goods and essentials and the stock market also 5X in price; in that case, your assets just kept their buying power. 

The reasons for 1 troy ounce silver bar depends heavily on your intention and your tolerance for risk. If someone is ready to put savings into their retirement account, or hedge against a currency, gold is typically the better option. Many investors are willing to invest in silver because of its higher upside potential. Silver and other precious metals are frequently used by people who are concerned that the financial system will fail or that an apocalypse might happen, which means that buying silver might be a good way to buy other precious metals in smaller quantities. Certain precious metals products are eligible for inclusion in individual retirement accounts, and in certain states like Texas, they’re also tax exempt. 

In both good and bad economies, people have also added silver to their portfolios for diversification. During times when economic conditions can be very volatile, many investors have turned to silver bullion bars to preserve their wealth. It is cheaper to invest in silver than to buy gold, because it is easier to buy small amounts of silver and have them build up over time.

Silver is a naturally occurring element, which has the symbol Ag, meaning “silver.”

Silver, a rare element in the periodic table of elements, is represented by the number 47 on the periodic table. Silver comes from the Latin word for “silver”: “argentum.” The English ”Silver” is derlived from the Anglo-Scandinavian word for silver, “siolfur”. Silver began to be mined in Asia around 3,000 BC. Old maps of silver deposits date to roughly 500 BC. 2500 years ago, the ancient civilization in what is now Turkey developed a very fine process to make silver from lead-silver ores. Silver is the first precious metal to be discovered in the world. It is used in many countries around the world, but silver was first used in Egypt by the Romans in 750 BC.

Silver is the second-most valuable precious metal, after gold; a gold rush in 1821 led to the discovery that silver was found in the Americas. Spanish investors forced native peoples to mine silver for a large profit. The result was that Bolivia, Peru, and Mexico produced 85 percent of all silver produced and traded worldwide between 1500 and 1800. 

Over 880 million tons of silver are mined every year.

Most silver is extracted by stripping lead from old silver mines in order to extract silver. Galena, a sulfide mineral of lead that may contain silver, has been used in ancient civilizations as a reliable way to store money. Often, silver that is found in the mineralized gold that occurs in the mine is worth more than lead. Silver is very toxic because it is made from lead, which is extremely toxic. Some slaves in South America, who mined 70,000 to 150,000 tons of silver between 1500 and 1800, died of lead poisoning within two or three years.

Because pure silver is often enriched with precious metals such as gold, lead, or copper, miners often turn to a different mine to produce other valuable mineral ore. The process by which silver is melted down by a furnace extracting silver from the ores. 

Where Should You Buy Silver Bullion?

Silver can be purchased in many different forms, as long as the buyer can pay the right price for it.

Silver Bullion: Silver that is 99.9% pure or better.

Government mint coins, including the American Silver and Gold Eagles, and the Canadian Silver Maple Leaf.

Silver rounds are coin shaped silver bullion that are produced by private mints; they are not legal tender as they are not produced by a government mint. 

Minted silver bars command a higher premium above spot than cast silver bars, reflecting the more intricate and demanding production process. Some silver money buyers decide to buy bullion bars in order to quickly get their money back in the event of a crash in the stock market or when a disaster happens to the world economy. It would be very hard to exchange large bars of silver in the event of a stock market crash or other economic disaster; it would be much more costly to trade them. 

What does Silver sell for on the open market?

You pay for silver based on the spot price, as it trades for on global commodity exchanges, plus a premium. The price that people pay for the silver bullion depends on the spot price and the bullion premium, which varies widely. Premiums vary by volume of silver, and are also affected by expenditures such as the production process, packaging, and marketing. Silver spot prices fluctuate depending upon many factors, including the price of silver or gold, and the value of silver bullion coins.

Because silver is a scarce commodity, people need to continually replenish it in order to obtain the resources that they need.

It is difficult to predict silver’s future value based on current global monetary and interest rate markets and other factors, but silver is increasingly valuable due to its intrinsic value and its inherent ability to conduct a safe, stable investment strategy, and its accessibility at 1 troy oz silver bar.

Gold, silver, gold coins, and other precious metals are all available at a premium in order to increase the value of the product.

Silver has been in demand for consumer electronics due to its conductivity. Manufacturers of medical instruments use increasing quantities of silver to produce instruments that are used in surgery.